<a></a>MT103 vs MT202: What Do These SWIFT Messages Mean?

MT103 and MT202 are two SWIFT message types used in international payments, but they perform different functions. One carries the payment instructions, while the other supports settlement between banks.

An MT103 is the customer payment message. It contains the information needed to transfer money from one party to another, including the sender, beneficiary, payment amount, currency, and payment references. When an overseas client pays an Indian business, the MT103 identifies who should receive the funds.

An MT202 serves a different purpose. It is used by financial institutions to move funds between banks during the settlement process. In simple terms, the MT103 tells banks where the money should go, while the MT202 helps participating banks settle the payment behind the scenes.

The MT103 is for businesses and individuals, while the MT202 is for banks. The MT103 is the message most relevant to businesses because it connects the payment to the beneficiary, and is commonly used to verify incoming payments, reconcile invoices, and investigate delays.

The MT202, on the other hand, is primarily used by correspondent banks, treasury teams, and settlement operations. Most businesses receiving international payments never interact directly with an MT202 message, because its fields are used internally by banks.

In cover payment structures, banks use an MT202 COV alongside the MT103. When you compare MT202 vs MT202 COV, the latter includes information relating to the underlying customer transfer, giving intermediary banks greater visibility into the payment chain.

An <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/mt103-what-is-it-why-it-matters-and-how-to-get-one">MT103</a> contains customer payment information, including beneficiary details (Field 59), remittance information such as invoice references (Field 70), and charge instructions (Field 71A).

An MT202 contains settlement information between financial institutions, including transaction references, value dates, currencies, amounts, and beneficiary institution details. Its purpose is to facilitate fund movement between banks rather than communicate payment instructions to the final recipient.

<a></a>MT103 vs MT202: A Detailed Comparison

Although MT103 and MT202 work together in many international transfers, they serve different purposes.

The MT103 is the customer payment instruction that identifies the sender, beneficiary, payment amount, and remittance details. Combined with the UETR (Unique End-to-End Transaction Reference), it also helps banks trace the payment across the SWIFT network. It is the message behind invoice payments, salary transfers, and freelancer remittances.

The MT202 only confirms that funds moved between banks, handling correspondent settlements and the funding leg of cover payments. It contains no beneficiary details, so it cannot confirm that you are the intended recipient of a transfer. End customers typically do not interact with MT202 messages because they are used for interbank settlement.

<a></a>How Does MT103 and MT202 Work Together? Serial vs. Cover Method

Most international payments do not travel directly from the sender's bank to yours. The two banks often have no direct relationship, especially across countries and currencies. So, the payment moves through one or more correspondent banks along the way.

Depending on the structure, the payment can be processed as serial or cover payment.

However, because the MT103 arrives at the beneficiary bank before the MT202 COV settlement does, there is a timing gap. The beneficiary bank knows a payment is on its way, but cannot release the funds until the money actually arrives through the settlement channel. So the client genuinely believes they have paid because the instruction has been sent, while the exporter still sees nothing credited.

The immediate question that arises is, what is mt202 swift message? When a payment is missing or arrives short, the MT202 COV, together with the MT103 and UETR, helps banks trace the payment through the settlement chain during an investigation.

In a cover payment, correspondent banks handle the settlement leg.

For example, banks like JPMorgan Chase, Deutsche Bank, or Bank of New York Mellon frequently sit in the middle of international dollar transfers and may deduct processing charges before passing funds along. The client's bank shows $2,000 sent. Your account shows $1,970 credited. Neither figure is wrong. The $30 was taken somewhere in the middle. The receiving bank may not immediately identify where the deduction occurred because multiple correspondent banks may be involved in the payment chain.

This is the problem with cover payments. The deduction is real, but tracing it means working back through the MT202 COV trail, which takes time and requires cooperation from multiple institutions.

MT103 vs MT202: Which SWIFT Message Counts as Proof of Payment?

When a payment is delayed, there is usually one underlying question: Is there any evidence that the funds were actually directed to the right account?

For businesses receiving international payments, the MT103 answers that. It contains the beneficiary's details, account number, payment amount, currency, and remittance references. It is a record of where the money was supposed to go.

An MT202 does not do this. It confirms that funds moved between financial institutions during settlement. However, it says nothing about which customer account was the intended destination.

As a result, MT202 COV was introduced to increase transparency by providing intermediary banks with originator and beneficiary information for AML and sanctions screening. Banks use it to get visibility into the underlying payment, which is useful for compliance, but not useful as beneficiary-level proof.

If your payment is missing, the following steps can help you track it:

Is MT202 Being Discontinued After ISO 20022?

No. SWIFT completed its <a href="https://www.swift.com/swift-resource/252473/download">migration to ISO 20022</a> in November 2025. Under the new standard, MT103 maps to pacs.008 and MT202 maps to pacs.009. Although the underlying messaging standard has changed, banks continue using MT103 and MT202 terminology in customer-facing documents and portals.

For most exporters, the change is largely technical. The message names and formats are changing, but correspondent banking, settlement processes, compliance reviews, and payment investigations remain part of international transfers.

If you encounter pacs.008 or pacs.009 in the future, they are simply the ISO 20022 equivalents of MT103 and MT202.

How Does Skydo Simplify International Payment Collection?

Requesting MT103 copies, tracing payments through correspondent banks, investigating deductions, decoding charge codes, and chasing FIRA documentation eat up hours and generate no revenue. With Skydo, you skip all of it.

<a href="https://www.skydo.com/">Skydo</a> routes collections through local payment rails, while also supporting international SWIFT transfers. Indian freelancers, exporters, agencies, and businesses can open an account in just 5 minutes and receive payments through free virtual accounts in USD, EUR, GBP, SGD, AUD, CAD, or tap into over 32 currencies via an international SWIFT fallback ledger.

The pricing gap from traditional options is significant. Traditional banks and payment platforms often combine transfer fees, correspondent banking charges, and foreign exchange markups, making the total cost difficult to predict in advance. Skydo's fees are flat and disclosed upfront:

Incoming transfers show up on a single dashboard with real-time status and predictable settlement timelines. On the Skydo dashboard, you get FIRA certificates automatically and instantly, for every eligible international transaction.

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A shipping bill is a mandatory customs document that needs to be filed with the Indian Customs when you export goods out of India. This document contains value, quantity, nature of the goods, destination country and other details about the exported goods that you are shipping out of the country.

Once submitted, Customs reviews the details provided. They check the declared value of the goods and verify if any duty, cess, or export-related benefits apply. They also conduct the required compliance checks before allowing the shipment to move ahead.

After completing these checks, Customs issues the Let Export Order (LEO). This order gives permission for the carrier to move the export cargo out of India.

The shipping bill also plays an important role even after customs clearance. Exporters can use it to claim benefits such as duty drawback and GST refunds. Banks also refer to this document to verify export proceeds under FEMA regulations.

<a></a>Why is the Shipping Bill Important?

A shipping bill serves as a crucial reference throughout the export journey. Beyond custom clearance, it helps exporters claim export-related benefits, receive GST refunds and ensure compliance with foreign payment regulations.

Let us understand its importance and the role it plays in detail:

As an exporter, until you submit a shipping bill to the customs by yourself or via a CHA, your goods cannot move out of India. It applies to any shipment mode, whether it is via air, land or sea. It connects your invoice, <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/packing-list-export">packing list</a> and transport details to ensure you are shipping the same goods you are declaring in that bill.

<a></a>Duty Drawback and Incentives for Exports

Based on the accurate data in a shipping bill, exporters receive the benefits of different incentive schemes. These schemes typically include a Duty Drawback, <a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2001049&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=2">Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL)</a>, and Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP). Incorrect information in this bill may result in a delay or rejection of claims.

Suppose an exporter has made exports with IGST payment and filed the bill online through ICEGATE. Here, the ICEGATE shipping bill acts as a deemed refund application. Once the details in the bill match the GST return details by that exporter, the system (e.g. ICEGATE) automatically processes the IGST refund. It eliminates a separate refund application.

The bill is further important as it helps banks to track export proceeds against a certain shipping bill using systems linked with the RBI. This allows exporters to receive foreign currency payments within the prescribed timeline.

The typical workflow of a shipping bill for exports follows a series of structured steps. It begins with registering the required export details for Customs verification and approval.

From submitting the required information to receiving the final clearance, every step ensures that the goods comply with export regulations before leaving India.

<a></a>What Are the Types of Shipping Bills in Export?

Different types of shipping bills, including free, dutiable and ex-bond, are used based on the nature of the export, applicable duties and benefits being claimed by the exporter.

Each category serves a specific purpose, from duty-free exports to claiming incentives or re-exporting goods. Let us look at the different types of shipping bills and their uses in detail:

In terms of exports, customs requires this bill to move the physical goods out of India. If something that is not tangible crosses the Indian border, it does not require this bill. Hence, companies (SaaS companies), businesses, and freelancers that export services usually do not need to file this with the Indian customs.

However, for the export of software and services, their respective compliance shifts to the RBI reporting from customs. Here, you may wonder what should be produced instead of a shipping bill for exporting services. For this service, exporters submit a SOFTEX form containing client details, invoice value, foreign currency earnings, etc.

In essence, the Software Export Declaration or the <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/softex-form-guide-indian-exporters">SOFTEX form</a> is the shipping bill for software or service export industries in India. However, this form is set to be replaced by a unified <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/export-declaration-form">Export Declaration Form</a> (EDF) from 1 October 2026.

<a></a>How to File a Shipping Bill on ICEGATE: A Step-by-Step Guide

Filing a shipping bill on ICEGATE is now a digital process where exporters submit shipment details, upload supporting documents and complete customs verification before export clearance.

<a></a>The process moves from initial registration and document filing to risk assessment and final approval through the Let Export Order (LEO). Let us go through each step in detail:

<a></a>Step 1: Registration and Prerequisites

As an exporter, obtain the DGFT-issued Import Export Code (IEC). Get your AD Code letter from your bank, log in to the ICEGATE portal and submit your AD code.

<a></a>Step 2: Document Submission and Data Entry

Submit your shipping bill details electronically through ICEGATE. Upload documents such as invoices, packing lists, and export contracts through e-Sanchit. The ICEGATE portal uses e-Sanchit as its portal to upload documents for customs processing. The system then generates a checklist for you to review and confirm before processing continues.

<a></a>Step 3: Assessment and Verification

The Risk Management System of the Indian Customs reviews your shipment details. Here, low-risk consignments typically get clearance through self-assessment without intervention. High-risk consignment may require physical examination of cargo and further assessment of documents at the port.

Post verification and payment of duties, a Customs officer issues the LEO. It authorises exporters to load goods onto the vessel or aircraft for export. Customs generates the final shipping bill only after an LEO issuance. Once exporters complete the LEO and their carrier files EGM, their AD bank tracks export payment realisation against that bill number.

Managing export payments efficiently after shipping bill filing is equally important. Platforms like <a href="https://www.skydo.com/">Skydo</a> help exporters simplify cross-border payment collection with flat fees, real-time tracking, and free FIRC support for every transaction.

<a></a>What Documents Are Required to File a Shipping Bill?

Here are some key or crucial documents that you must keep ready while filing this bill to authorise your exports:

Note: You can now upload all shipping bill documents digitally through e-Sanchit. Hence, physical document submission at Customs counters is no longer the primary process.

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A shipping bill includes several important export details, such as the exporter and buyer information for shipment identification. Goods description and HS code for product classification, and declared value for Customs assessment.&nbsp;

This document also includes details of the port of loading, destination country, and mode of transport for shipment tracking. Customs uses this bill for export clearance and cargo loading approval.

From the perspective of an exporter, it is used to claim duty drawback benefits, initiate the GST refund process and report foreign remittance details for RBI compliance.

<a></a>What are Some Common Mistakes to Avoid When Filing a Shipping Bill?

Here are some common mistakes that you must be aware of and avoid for a successful filing:

<a></a>How Skydo Helps after Filing a Shipping Bill?

After Customs generates the LEO, an exporter must receive overseas payments and obtain FIRC certificates. Here, many exporters face delays and banking hassles.

Skydo assists Indian exporters in receiving foreign payments through free virtual accounts in currencies such as USD, EUR, GBP, SGD, AUD, and CAD.

We follow transaction-based pricing from $19, and provide free FIRC certificates for every payment. Skydo supports bulk shipping bill uploads, IRM auto-matching, and one-click eBRC generation.

With Skydo, get your virtual account within 5 minutes. Enjoy features like a zero forex margin, an instant FIRA, a flat fee and more and streamline your export payments!

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An ICEGATE error code is a system-generated alphanumeric response from the Indian Customs Electronic Gateway (ICEGATE) that indicates a failure in data validation. These codes appear when the information you file, such as in a Shipping Bill, EGM, or Bill of Entry, conflicts with records held by the GSTN, DGFT, RBI, or the customs department.

These codes are not notifications; they represent hard blocks in the Indian Customs EDI System (ICES). For example, if you file a Bill of Entry but the currency code does not match the RBI standard, the system rejects the filing immediately. Processing resumes only after you fix the error.

<a></a>What are the Common Reasons for ICEGATE Errors?

The following common reasons for ICEGATE errors will guide you to be more careful while filing documents on ICEGATE or help you understand why an error has come up.

<a></a>What Are the Most Common ICEGATE Error Codes in India?

The customs system categorizes errors based on whether they relate to your filing type, your technical environment, or the network sync between different government departments.

These errors specifically target the accuracy of the trade documents submitted by the exporter or importer.

<a></a>Shipping Bill (SB) &amp; IGST Refund Errors

<a></a>Technical Portal &amp; Setup Type Errors

These errors relate to the hardware and software configuration used to access the customs portal.

<a></a>System &amp; Inter-Agency Network Type Errors

These blocks occur when data cannot move correctly between different government systems.

<a></a>How Do You Fix ICEGATE IGST Refund Errors (SB001 to SB006)?

Compare your GST filings with your custom records to resolve IGST refund errors. Most of these fixes involve using the amendment tools provided on the GST portal or coordinating with your shipping line.

<a></a>How Do You Fix AD Code Registration Error 110?

Error 110 occurs when the system detects that your Importer-Exporter Code (IEC) is already linked or registered at a different location.

To fix AD Code Registration Error 110, follow these five steps:

If you encounter technical blocks during this process, raise a ticket with the <a href="https://www.icegate.gov.in/guidelines/helpdesk">ICEGATE Helpdesk</a>.

<a></a>How Do You Fix Bill of Entry (BOE) Submission Errors?

Fixing BOE errors occurs when physical shipping documents and the electronic data on ICEGATE do not match.

Here’s how your workflow should look to fix a bill of entry error:

For clerical errors in product classification, file an amendment under Section 149 of the Customs Act.

<a></a>How Do You Fix Shipping Bill Submission Errors?

Exporters mostly face shipping bill errors because of typographical mistakes or technical failures during the digital signing process.

Technical blocks at the signing stage, such as DSC upload failures, can be solved by using a compatible browser like Mozilla Firefox ESR or Edge in Internet Explorer Mode. Ensure you are using Java Runtime Environment 8 (JRE 1.8) and have added the portal to the Java Security Exception Site List.

If you face port registration or mapping failures, consult the official ICEGATE Port Code List to ensure accuracy. For clerical errors related to HSN codes, file an official amendment under Section 149 of the Customs Act using the ICEGATE Web Forms.

<a></a>How Do You Fix EGM and IGM Error Codes?

Errors in manifests block the generation of IGST refunds and the creation of RoDTEP/RoSCTL scrolls. These issues must be handled through the carrier or a Customs House Agent(CHA).

<a></a>EGM (Export General Manifest) Errors

<a></a>IGM (Import General Manifest) Errors

For any amendments, your Customs Broker must use the Bill of Entry Amendment webform or the specific SEA/AIR IGM webforms while logged in with a valid Class III DSC.

The Sea Cargo Manifest and Transhipment Regulations (SCMTR) require precise profile data and document formatting.

For rectification, make the data corrections and click Submit/Resubmit to re-validate the data against the ICES system. For specific payload-level errors like codes 264 or 284, refer to the official SCMTR Error Codes PDF provided by customs.

The <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/idpms-import-data-processing-and-monitoring-system">Import Data Processing and Monitoring System (IDPMS)</a> flags mismatches between customs data and your Authorized Dealer (AD) bank records. These errors are split into two categories:

To find the exact reason for a rejection:

If the error relates to a PAN or registration mismatch, ensure your PAN, AD Code, and IEC details are identical across both the DGFT and ICEGATE databases. For incorrect port codes, log an amendment request using the BE Correction Role on the portal.

For any escalation, reach out to the ICEGATE helpdesk at 1800-3010-1000 or <a href="mailto:icegatehelpdesk@icegate.gov.in">icegatehelpdesk@icegate.gov.in</a>, for RBI-side issues, contact the designated regional RBI/EDPMS support desk.

<a></a>How Do You Contact ICEGATE Helpdesk for Unresolved Errors?

If automated fixes and portal amendments do not resolve an error, you must contact the technical support team:

IGST refunds (SB001–SB006) directly delay your export payments, and strains your business cash flow. An unplanned expense can set your production schedule back by weeks.

While customs compliance happens on the government portal, Skydo provides the financial infrastructure to ensure your international payments remain predictable.

<a href="https://www.skydo.com/">Skydo</a> helps Indian exporters receive international payments from clients in USD, EUR, GBP, and other major currencies with zero forex markup. This removes the hidden costs associated with traditional banking.

Our flat-fee pricing model is fully transparent:

Every time you receive an international payment, an automated, free FIRC (Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate) is generated. An FIRC is crucial for customs compliance and to resolve data gaps in IDPMS or EDPMS records. By providing real-time payment tracking, Skydo gives you direct visibility into your finances.

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Customs clearance is the mandatory official process of getting permission for goods to enter or leave India. The process starts when you file a bill of entry for imports or a shipping bill for exports on the ICEGATE portal.

It includes the cargo value, origin, HSN classification, and destination of the products. If a shipment does not meet the legal rules, customs authorities hold the goods for physical checks until they get the missing information.

A Customs House Agent (CHA) often manages the tasks of submitting the declaration in the correct format and paying the applicable taxes and duties.

<a></a>Why Is Customs Clearance Required?

Other than being a legal requirement for all commercial shipments crossing international borders, ‌customs clearance is required because:

<a></a>What Is the Custom Clearance Process for Indian Exporters?

While exporters are legally responsible for customs compliance, most businesses appoint a Customs Broker (CHA) to handle document filing and storage. As most of India’s trade is digitized and routed through the Indian Customs EDI System (ICES), the CHA plays an essential role in precise electronic filing and storage through the ICEGATE and e-Sanchit portals, respectively.

Here is what the customs clearance process looks like for Indian exporters:

<a></a>What Is the Custom Clearance Process for Indian Importers?

Most importers hire a Customs Broker (CHA) to handle the technical filing on the ICES system. Here’s what the customs clearance process looks like:

<a></a>Pre-Arrival: Registration and Documents

<a></a>Examination Channels and Final Release

<a></a>What Documents Are Required for Customs Clearance in India?

The document list for customs clearance differs for an exporter and an importer. We have classified the entire document list for exporting and importing goods in India:

<a></a>What Are the Different Customs Clearance Fees in India?

Customs duties are not fixed in India. They are calculated based on the declaration value of the goods and the HSN classification

<a></a>Detailed Dashboard Tracking (Registered Users)

Follow these steps to check bill of entry status on ICEGATE if you’re a registered user:

1. Log-in to the ICEGATE portal using your credentials

2. Locate Bill of Entry - Job Status on the dashboard

3. Click on Detailed Status to download an Excel file with shipment statuses.

For registered users, the dashboard view gives a more granular, real-time status than the public enquiry route.

<a></a>How Long Does Customs Clearance Take in India?

The timeline for customs clearance in India depends on several factors, including the nature of the goods, the completeness of your documentation, port congestion, and the specific mode of transport.

<a></a>What Are the Common Reasons Shipments Get Stuck at Customs?

Even a minor error can lead to significant delays. Based on regulatory standards and the technical framework of Indian trade, these are the most frequent causes for shipments being stalled

Paperwork Errors and Data Mismatches: Incomplete paperwork or minor typos, such as incorrect HS codes or vague product descriptions, cause immediate holds. For example, using a broad term like electronics instead of a specific description.

Undervaluation or Overvaluation: Customs officers verify declared values. If they are suspiciously low or abnormally high values they may start a formal reassessment and ask for supporting proof like bank statements or wire transfers.

Unpaid Duties and Taxes: A shipment will not receive its Out-of-Charge (OOC) order until you pay all the assessed duties and taxes in full.

Missing Licenses or Permits: Regulated goods, including electronics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and food, require specialized agency approvals. If these are missing upon arrival, the shipment is held until the correct certificates are produced

Prohibited or Restricted Items: Goods that are banned in India or hazardous materials that cannot meet safety standards are stopped by custom authorities

Random or Risk-Based Inspections: The automated Risk Management System (RMS) selects shipments for physical inspection based on profiling, which can cause some delay

Missing or Invalid Consignee Information (KYC): Without valid Know Your Customer documentation to the logistics carrier, your export could remain stuck for days.

Incorrect HS Code Classification: Using a vague or incorrect 8-digit HSN code automatically flags a shipment for audit, duty recalculation, and potential penalties

<a></a>How to Avoid Delays in Customs Clearance?

You can prevent most of the delays in customs clearance by just being proactive. Follow these industry best practices to minimize the risk of cargo holds and additional port costs:

Get documentation right before dispatch: Ensure that the commercial invoice, packing list, and certificate of origin match each other exactly in terms of weight, quantity, and value. Any discrepancy will cause automated system flags and physical inspections.

Use specific product descriptions: Avoid vague terms like “electronics,” “samples,” or “gift”. Instead, provide technical and detailed descriptions to allow customs officers determine the correct assessment.

Declare accurate values: Never undervalue your goods; customs authorities verify declared values with global databases and actual purchase receipts. Intentional or accidental misevaluation results in severe penalties, cargo seizure, or prolonged valuation disputes.

Use correct HS codes: Identify the right 8-digit HSN code for your product for correct duty calculation. Verify codes using the Indian Customs Compliance Information Portal (CIP).

Secure permits before shipping: Get necessary No-Objection Certificates (NOCs) from agencies like FSSAI or BIS before the shipment arrives.

Clarify duty responsibility upfront (Incoterms): State agreed Incoterms (e.g., DDP vs. EXW) on all shipping documents. This ensures both customs and the logistics provider know exactly which party settles duties.

Provide complete contact details: Include accurate names, full addresses, and active phone numbers for both the sender and the consignee.

Use ICEGATE for digital filing: Use e-Sanchit repository for paperless document submission. It reduces manual data-entry errors and speeds up the assessment cycle.

Engage a licensed Customs House Agent (CHA): A CHA is an expert in handling local regulations and resolving classification disputes.

Getting customs clearance solves only half of the challenge for Indian exporters. They still have to find a way to get paid from their international clients without losing money to hidden forex charges or bank delays.

Skydo solves both the problems as it is a specialized payment platform made for Indian goods and service exporters. You get paid from your foreign clients on time, and directly into your bank accounts. Here’s how:

Flat fees: Skydo charges a flat fee, $19 for transactions under $2,000; $29 for $2,000–$10,000; 0.3% for transactions above $10,000. No hidden forex markup or any other extra charges

Free virtual accounts in multiple currencies: Create virtual accounts in USD, EUR, GBP, SGD, AUD, CAD + International SWIFT at free of cost. Your clients pay you locally in their currency, and the payments get settled to your bank account in INR.

Free FIRC for every transaction: Skydo issues a free FIRC every time you receive an international payment. This is an important compliance document to prove you have received international payment in India.

Fully digital, no manual follow-up: No RM calls, no chasing SWIFT copies, you get real-time visibility into payment status from the Skydo dashboard.

Quick setup: Account setup takes 10–15 minutes and there is no monthly fees.

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An export license is an official government permission required to ship certain categories of goods to specific countries. To export items or products that are considered ‘restricted’ as per the foreign trade policy, you must obtain this license from the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).

The Indian government requires export licences for certain goods. This is to protect national security, preserve cultural and environmental resources, and comply with international trade obligations. This system also helps authorities monitor the movement of sensitive or regulated products across borders and prevents their misuse.

For products of the freely exportable category, an exporter does not need an export license. Exporting such goods needs only an IEC, i.e. a universal 10-digit alphanumeric code.

<a></a>What Are the Types of Export Licenses?

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